Kwayedza
Charles Munyoro
Tinokuchingamidzai varimi muchirongwa chatinopanana mazano ekurima. Gore rino mvura haisi kunaya zvakanaka sezvatinotarisira. Zvava kuda kuti tishandise hunyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana kunzvimbo dzatinorima tiri. Sevarimi tinotsunga nekukunda chete.
MBEU DZECHIBAGE:
Tarisiro yedu nguva ino ndeyekuti chibage chizhinji kunzvimbo dzose dzenyika chakatomera. Varimi vari mubishi rekusakura, kudzivirira chibage chavo kutumbuyu, kuisa fetereza yepamusoro nekudiridzira (supplementary irrigation).
Chibage chinoda kusakurwa kuti chigotipa goho rakakura, kuti chisatapurirwe zvirwere nemasora, kuti chisatorerwe chikafu nemasora, chisatorerwe mvura nemasora uyezve kuti tikohwe muminda medu makachena. Masora akaregwa achiita maruva achizoita mhodzi, zvinoita kuti tizoremerwa nekurwisa masora aya. Masora anoda kuti aurawe achiine mashizha asingadarike mana. Tinogona kusakura nemapadza kana nemishonga yesora (post-emergency herbicides).
Mishonga yesora inowanzo shandiswa chibage chamera ndeinoti: Stellar Star, Nicosulfuron, Halosulfuron neAtrazine zvichienderana nesora. Ngatimwayeyi mishonga iyi kuine hunyoro, chibage chisina kusvava.
Kana tichisakura nemapadza, ngatiedze kusakura kunze kusati kopisa nekuti kusakura kunoita kuti tivhure tsinga dzehunyoro zvoita kuti chibage chedu chisvave nguva dzino dzisiri kunaya mvura zvakanaka. Saka ngatisakurei mangwanani kana kuti zuva rovira.
Zvakakosha kusiya mashanga muminda kana takohwa nekuti anotibatsira nguva yakadai yekushaika kwemvura sezvo achishanda semutsakwani (mulch). Munda usina masora unorarama zviri nani pakushaika kwemvura pane munda une sora.
Fetereza yepamusoro haikwanise kuiswa kana pasi pasiri panyoro. Tikaisa fetereza pasi pasiri panyoro zvinoreva kuti ichangotorwa yoenda nemhepo isingadzike pasi. Kana tikaisa pasi paine hunyoro hushoma, fetereza iyi ichawedzera kutsva kwembeu zvakanyanya. Ngatimirirei mvura inaye zvakanaka tozoisa fetereza muchibage.
Fetereza yatinoisa inofanira kuenderara nemupimo watakapihwa taendesa ivhu redu kana kuti nehuwandu hwechibage pandina, kwatinorima tiri nekuti muri kuisa feteraza iyi kangani. Kana muchirima kunonaya mvura shoma, huwandu hwembeu pandina hunenge huri hushoma saka fetereza inopindapo inenge iri shomawo. Kana ivhu riri dete, zvinokurudzirwa kuti muise fetereza kaviri, kana yava nemavhiki mana yamera uye kechipiri kana yava nemavhiki matanhatu kana manomwe yamera.
Pavhu gobvu, tinogona kuisa kamwe chete pamavhiki mana chibage chamera.
Avo vanokwanisa kudiridzira nguva yekushaika kwemvura yemudenga, ngatidiridzirei kuti goho redu rirambe riri ratinotarisira. Kunyanya vane chibage chava kuda kutumbuka tinovakurudzirira zvikuru kuti vadiridzire kuitira kuti panobuda mupunga, rurevhu rwubva rwabudawo. Zvinowanzoitika ndezvekuti kana chibage chakaomerwa nekushaya mvura nguva yekufurura, chinobuda muchekechera nemupunga uku rurevhu rwusina kubuda.
Mupunga wose unopera kudonha rurevhu rwusati rwabuda. Panozobuda reruvhu panenge pasisina mupunga kureva kuti chibage chinenge chichisakwanise kuita mhodzi dzakawanda. Chibage chinoita mavende.
Nguva yekushaika kwemvura ndiyozve inowanzouya rukonye miminda. Ndinokumbirisa kuti tishande nevarimisi vari pedyo nesu uyezve nevemakambani emishonga neembeu kuti tidziidziswe kutsvaga makonye iwaya. Rukonye rwuriko mazuva ano rwunotanga chibage chichiri chidiki chaizvo. Rukonye urwu rwunonzi Fall armyworm. Rwunokandira mazai akawanda pamashizha, twuvana twunobudamo twunodya mashizha twuchisiya maburi maburi. Kana makonye aya akura, anodya mashizha nemoyo wechibage, odyazve muchekechera achitadzisa kuti mupunga ugadzirwe.
Rurebvu rwechibage rwunodyiwa zvakare zvichireva kuti chibage chichabudapo chinenge chakadyiwa kare nerukonye. Saka zvinokurudzirwa kuti tifambe (scouting) muminda kubvira chibage chichangobuda. Tikaona gonye iri rapinda chikamu chinoita 5% yemunda, ngatipindei nemishonga tiuraye gonye iri.
Mimwe yemishonga yakaoneka achishanda zvine simba ndeinoti Belt, Super Dash, Ampligo, Blast Super, Match, Coragen, neEma. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti mukashandisa mushonga wamashandisa, mochinja mushonga iwoyo kwapera mavhiki maviri kuitira kuti gonye iri risaujairire.
SAYA BHINZI (SOYABEANS):
Tinotarisirazve kuti mbeu yesaya bhimzi yakatomera uye pari zvino varimi vari mushishi kusakura nekudziviraira mbeu yavo kuzvirwere nemakonye. Sezvo mbeu yesaya bhinzi ichinetsa kusakura nebadza, ndinovimba takashandisa mishonga mbeu isati yamera (pre-emergency herbicides) tava kushandisa mishonga yembeu yakamera (post-emergency herbicides).
Mimwe yemishonga inoshandiswa nguva ino ndeinoti Classic, Agil, Basagran neFusillade super zvichienderana nesora.
Saya bhinzi dzinodyiwa nezvipembene zvakaita sesemi-loopers, bollworms nemastink bugs. Ngatifambe-fambe mumunda tichiongorora makonye aya. Kana awanda zvekuda kudzivirirwa, ngatishandise mimwe yemishonga iyi: Karate zeon, Cabaryl, Fenvelarate kana Thionex. Ngatidzivirire zvakare saya bhinzi kubva kuzvirwere zvemashizha zvinoti leaf rust, red leaf blotch, wildfire nefrogeye.
Zvirwere izvi zvinowanzoda kudzivirirwa kwapera mazuva 51 saya bhinzi yamera. Munoda kuti mudzokorere kufiritazve muzuva rechi 72 saya bhinzi ramera.
SHUGA BHINZI (SUGAR BEANS):
Nguva yatiri ino ndiyo yekudyara shuga bhinzi. Tinokukurudzirai kuti mudyare bhinzi mumitsetse sezvo muchiisa huwandu hwembeu hwakakodzera pandima, kusakura kunoita nyore uyezve kukohwa kunoreruka.
Dyarai musina kusanganisa nezvimwe zvirimwa sezvo bhinzi dzichigona kuzovhungwa. Kana madyara makasanganisa nechibage, tinokukurudzirai kuti mudyare bhinzi mumashure memaraiini maviri echibage.
Vhurai maraini enyu kusvika pa7cm moisa fetereza pasi. Maraini anoda kupesana 20-30 cm kubva paraini kuenda pane rimwe. Kubva pagomba rebhinzi kuenda pane rimwe, panodiwa 5-7 cm muchidyara bhinzi imwe neimwe. Kana maisa fetereza pavhurwa raini 7cm, chivharai nevhu rinoita 2cm, muchisiya 5cm yegomba yakashama.
Pa5cm apa ndipo patichadyara mbeu. Kufutsira ivhu 2cm kunoita kuti tisazopisa mbeu nefetereza.
Tisati taisa mbeu pasi, tinoda kusanganisa mbeu neRhizhobium yeShuga bhinzi chaiyo. Rhizhobium iyi ndiyo inobatsira bhizi kuti riite midzi ine mapundu (nodules) kuitira kuti ribereke zvakanaka. Tinosanganisa Rhizhobium nebhinzi pane mumvuri (shade) kuti isazofe.
Bhinzi dzinodiwa pakudyara hekita dzinoita 100kg. Tinosanganisa Rhizhobium pakiti rimwe (100g), ne1 litre yemvura tosanganisazve ne50g dzeshuga. Shuga yakakosha kuti ibatanidze Rhizhobium nembeu. Tasanganisa, tinokurunga zvinyoronyoro kwe30 seconds mugaba rakachena. Tinoisa bhinzi (100kg) paplastic rakachena tomwaya Rhizhobium kuti bhinzi yoga yoga iwane Rhizhobium.
Kana zvaitwa zvakanaka bhinzi dzinosara dzaita sekunge dzakanyorova dzichipenya.
Kanatichidyara nemawoko tinogona kutanga kudyara ipapo ipapo. Kana tichishandisa maplanter, zvinoda kuti timire maminetsi anoita 20-30. Tinofanira kudyara pasi pari panyoro kuitira kuti Rhizhobium isafe. Tinofanirazve kubva tafutsira tabva mukudya.
Marudzi efetereza anokurudzirwa pakurima Shuga bhinzi anoti SSP (Single Super Phospate), Compound L neCompound D. Hudyi hunonzi phosphate ndihwo hunonyanyodiwa nechirimwa chedu kuti chigadziridze midzi yembeu kuti iwande nekukwanisa kutora chikafu muvhu. Hudyi hweNitrogen hunodiwa hushomanana sezvo chirimwa ichi chichigona kugadzira kudya uku choga.
Huwandu hunodiwa hweCompound L kana kuti Compoud D hunoita ihwo 150-200kg/ha. Kana mashandisa SSP, isai 225kg/ha.
Ngatishandise mishonga yesora pakudyara (pre-emergency). Sarudzai pakati peinoti Metalachlor, Metribuzin neAlachlor.
KUTI SEED CO NDOKUTI MBEU . . . KUTI MBEU NDOKUTI SEED CO.
- Charles Munyoro murimisi kuSeed Co. Anobatika panhare dzinoti 0772 243 480, 0731 243 480
